Please Note: This article is written for users of the following Microsoft Excel versions: 2007 and 2010. If you are using an earlier version (Excel 2003 or earlier), this tip may not work for you. For a version of this tip written specifically for earlier versions of Excel, click here: Dealing with Long Formulas.

Dealing with Long Formulas

Written by Allen Wyatt (last updated September 25, 2024)
This tip applies to Excel 2007 and 2010


17

Anyone who has been using Excel for any length of time knows that some formulas can get quite long. Excel handles them—as long as they are constructed correctly—but they can be a bear for humans to understand. Even after you develop your own formulas, you may have trouble understanding them weeks or months later.

One way to make formulas a bit easier to understand is to use Alt+Enter in the middle of the formula to "format" how it appears on the screen. Consider, for instance, the following long formula:

=+IF($A2=0,0,IF($B2<4264,0,IF(AND($B2>=4264,$B2<=4895),
(-22.31*$C2/365),IF(AND($B2>=4895,$B2<=32760),($B2*0.093-
476.89)*$C2/365,IF($B2>32760,($B2*0.128-1623.49)*$C2/365)))))

This formula could also be written in the following manner, with Alt+Enter being pressed at the end of each line in the formula:

=+IF($A1=0,0,
IF($B1<4264,0,
IF(AND($B1>=4264,$B1<=4895),(-22.31*$C1/365),
IF(AND($B1>=4895,$B1<=32760),($B1*0.093-476.89)*$C1/365,
IF($B1>32760,($B1*0.128-1623.49)*$C1/365)))))

Now, the broken-up formula appears on five lines, even though it all appears in a single cell. The broken-up formula works just as if it were all on one line.

In addition, if you copy the complete broken-up formula from the Formula bar and paste it into a worksheet, each line in the formula is pasted into a different cell, making it easy to test each part. This is much quicker than copying and pasting parts of the original formula.

ExcelTips is your source for cost-effective Microsoft Excel training. This tip (11251) applies to Microsoft Excel 2007 and 2010. You can find a version of this tip for the older menu interface of Excel here: Dealing with Long Formulas.

Author Bio

Allen Wyatt

With more than 50 non-fiction books and numerous magazine articles to his credit, Allen Wyatt is an internationally recognized author. He is president of Sharon Parq Associates, a computer and publishing services company. ...

MORE FROM ALLEN

Formatting Footnotes and Endnotes

Footnotes and endnotes can be formatted in the same way that you format regular text in your document. There is an easier ...

Discover More

Decreasing a Paragraph's Indent

When formatting your document, you often have a need to indent paragraphs. If you later want to decrease the indent used ...

Discover More

Starting Chapters on Odd-Numbered Pages

Want to start a new heading on an odd-numbered page? You can do it with section breaks, obviously, but you can also do it ...

Discover More

Save Time and Supercharge Excel! Automate virtually any routine task and save yourself hours, days, maybe even weeks. Then, learn how to make Excel do things you thought were simply impossible! Mastering advanced Excel macros has never been easier. Check out Excel 2010 VBA and Macros today!

More ExcelTips (ribbon)

Summing Every Fourth Cell in a Row

Need to sum a series of cells that fits some regular pattern? Here are several ways that you can get the summation that ...

Discover More

Adjusting Test Scores Proportionately

Teachers often grade on what is affectionately referred to as "the curve." The problem is, it can be a bit difficult to ...

Discover More

Filling References to Another Workbook

When you create references to cells in other workbooks, Excel, by default, makes the references absolute. This makes it ...

Discover More
Subscribe

FREE SERVICE: Get tips like this every week in ExcelTips, a free productivity newsletter. Enter your address and click "Subscribe."

View most recent newsletter.

Comments

If you would like to add an image to your comment (not an avatar, but an image to help in making the point of your comment), include the characters [{fig}] (all 7 characters, in the sequence shown) in your comment text. You’ll be prompted to upload your image when you submit the comment. Maximum image size is 6Mpixels. Images larger than 600px wide or 1000px tall will be reduced. Up to three images may be included in a comment. All images are subject to review. Commenting privileges may be curtailed if inappropriate images are posted.

What is four less than 6?

2024-09-28 15:00:18

J. Woolley

@Philip
Thanks. I installed the Excel Labs add-in. It should be useful.


2024-09-28 07:49:10

Andy

The LET function (Office 365/Excel 2021) is also useful for making long formulas easier to read, combined with the tip above of using alt+enter to separate it over several lines.


2024-09-27 03:55:16

Philip

There is a free "Excel Labs" add-in available from Microsoft that includes (among other great functionalities) the previously called "Advanced Formula Environment. After adding it, it puts a button on the far right of the Home ribbon, which will give you a great editing / debugging environment for long formulas, Defined Names, ...


2024-09-25 07:55:03

Mark E Watson

For a number of years I've been using this. I do as balthamossa2b suggests break some formulas into parts. However, some are manageable with this tip. I also indent the equations (with spaces) for more help.

Another tip to make equations more readable is to use named ranges.

I created a workbook that validated the user's inputs and, if necessary, returned error messages. Those results were displayed to the user by the .NET application that uses the workbook in the background. Here's an example:

=IF(LEN_IsNull,
"Error: Length is a required value. " & B2,
IF(A_COMMENT,"No Error: Len is not empty. " & B2,"")
)

And finally, I included the if statement that checks the named range "A_COMMENT". It's usually set FALSE which results in the cell being empty. When diagnosing very complicated nested if statements I set it TRUE so the workbook shows the comments providing a text description of the results of "Passed" tests. It's pretty obvious in this example but in more complicated cases it can be very helpful.


2021-07-06 10:09:02

genius

There must be an example with the long formula


2015-04-01 11:20:53

HECTOR ENRIQUE POLLA

You can also paint part of a formula, as an if, and pres F9, excel return de value of this part of de formula in the formula bar. Then press scape, and excel returns the formula, if you don´t, you get the result en the formula.


2015-04-01 10:49:13

Gary Lundblad

That is great Chuck!

Thank you!

Gary


2015-03-31 12:33:07

Dave O

This is a great tip! Simple but great. I can see that it will save time on long formulas...starting today.


2015-03-31 11:45:56

Chuck Trese

Gary,
These two (numeric) formulas give identical results:
=SUM(B12:B15)
=SUM(B12:B15) +N("explanation text here")

Also, these two (text) formulas give identical results:
=B3&B4&B5&B6
=B3&B4&B5&B6 &T(N("explanation text here"))


2015-03-31 11:38:26

Chuck Trese

+N("explanation text") works for formulas that return numbers.

For formulas that return text, you can use &T(N("explanation text"))


2015-03-31 11:10:30

Gary Lundblad

John, are you saying that you can add explanatory text in a formula without screwing up the formula? If so, can you include an example of a formula with added explanatory text?

Thank you!

Gary


2015-03-31 10:10:11

bmultack

I have been using this method for long text entries. I have my own emailer and each paragraph of the body is in one cell. Using the Alt+Enter starts the text on a new line within the cell. Just increase the line height to accommodate the entire entry. It does not start a new line in the email, just how it looks on my screen.


2015-03-31 09:05:38

Jen T

Love this tip! I've never thought to force a line feed in a formula. Great addition by John H, too. I'm using these today.


2015-03-31 08:16:45

Surendera M. Bhanot

John H has shown a great way to to Label a long formula and it an valuable addition to the current tip. Thanks.


2015-03-31 07:30:06

John H

You can also use N("bla bla bla") eg +N("this calcs this bit") which has no effect on the formula except to add some help text


2015-03-31 07:20:59

CStripling

Now this is a great tip. I have been looking for a way to make long formulas more readable and easier to troubleshoot.


2015-03-31 07:12:50

balthamossa2b

My approach to long formulas is to not use them. It's better for readability and troubleshooting to separate a long formula in shorter ones, each in one cell.


This Site

Got a version of Excel that uses the ribbon interface (Excel 2007 or later)? This site is for you! If you use an earlier version of Excel, visit our ExcelTips site focusing on the menu interface.

Newest Tips
Subscribe

FREE SERVICE: Get tips like this every week in ExcelTips, a free productivity newsletter. Enter your address and click "Subscribe."

(Your e-mail address is not shared with anyone, ever.)

View the most recent newsletter.