Years in Which a Date Occurred on a Particular Day

Harold is trying to devise a formula that will tell him the last five years in which a particular date (say, May 10) occurred on a particular day of the week (say, Thursday).

There are a number of ways you can go about determining this information. One simple way is to, in a new worksheet, enter the date you want tested (such as 5/10/24) into cell A1. Just below that, in cell A2, enter a date a year earlier: 5/10/23. Select these two cells and drag the fill handle downward for however many cells desired, and you end up with a column containing the date May 10 on descending years. Next, in cell B1 enter the following formula:

=WEEKDAY(A1)

Copy this formula down for as many rows as you have dates in column A. This returns a value, 1 through 7, representing the day of the week for the dates in column A. Since 1=Sunday, 2=Monday, etc., that means that any value of 5 would represent a Thursday. Thus, you could place this formula into cell C1 and copy it down:

=IF(B1=5,YEAR(A1),"")

This "calls out" the years in which the date in column A is a Thursday. You could, if you prefer, simply forego adding column C and, instead, use filtering to show only those dates where the value in column B is 5 (Thursday).

You can also use a cool little formula to find the information you desire. First, select five cells in any column you'd like. Then, type the following in the Formula bar:

=LARGE((WEEKDAY(DATE(ROW(1924:2024),5,10))=5)*ROW(1924:2024),ROW(1:5))

If you are using an older version of Excel (2019 or earlier), you need to enter this as an array formula by pressing Ctrl+Shift+Enter. The result is that the five cells will contain the last five years in which May 10 was a Thursday. You could make the formula more versatile by replacing the key elements with named ranges, in this manner:

=LARGE((WEEKDAY(DATE(ROW(1924:2024),MO,DA))=DW)*ROW(1924:2024),ROW(1:5))

Now all you need to do is to create the named ranges MO (month), DA (day), and DW (day of week). As you change the values in these named ranges, the array formula updates the five cells to reflect the desired years.

A third way to find the information is to create a macro that asks for a starting date and a day of the week. The macro can then step backward a year at a time until it grabs five years that meet the criteria.

Sub CalcDates()
    Dim sTemp As String
    Dim dBegin As Date
    Dim dWork As Date
    Dim J As Integer
    Dim iDoW As Integer
    Dim iYears(5) As Integer

    sTemp = InputBox("Beginning Date?")
    dBegin = CDate(sTemp)
    If dBegin > 0 Then
        sTemp = InputBox("Day of Week?")
        sTemp = LCase(Trim(sTemp))
        iDoW = 0
        For J = 1 To 7
            If sTemp = LCase(WeekdayName(J)) Then iDoW = J
        Next J
        If iDoW > 0 Then
            dWork = dBegin
            J = 0
            While J < 5
                If Weekday(dWork) = iDoW Then
                    J = J + 1
                    iYears(J) = Year(dWork)
                End If
                dWork = DateAdd("yyyy", -1, dWork)
            Wend

            sTemp = "These are the previous five years in which "
            sTemp = sTemp & MonthName(Month(dBegin)) & " " & Day(dBegin)
            sTemp = sTemp & " falls on a " & WeekdayName(iDoW) & ":"
            sTemp = sTemp & vbCrLf & vbCrLf
            For J = 5 To 1 Step -1
                sTemp = sTemp & iYears(J) & vbCrLf
            Next J
            MsgBox sTemp
        End If
    End If
End Sub

When the macro finds the five years, it displays them in a message box.

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