Written by Allen Wyatt (last updated March 18, 2023)
This tip applies to Excel 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019, 2021, and Excel in Microsoft 365
Marius has a workbook that may be referenced (linked to) by other workbooks. He would like to delete this workbook, but cannot if it is linked to others. The problem is that he doesn't know how to figure out if this workbook is referenced by other workbooks or not.
Excel keeps track of outbound links for a workbook (just choose Edit Links from the Data tab of the ribbon to see what links there are within the current workbook), but for most versions of the program does not keep track of inbound links. The only versions that do allow you to track inbound links are some enterprise versions of Excel, as described at this Microsoft site:
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/see-links-between-workbooks-4e12fb30-afb7-4588-89ce-df3ebb39e744
For the rest of us non-enterprise users, we are left to our own devices. This means that in order to see if there is a link targeting the current workbook, you actually need to open every other workbook on your system and check its links to see if any of them reference the current workbook.
This process is tedious at best but could best be classified as daunting. This makes it a perfect candidate for a macro. After all, a macro could open a bunch of other workbooks and check for a link to a specific workbook. Here's a simple macro that can check all the workbooks in a specific folder:
Sub FindWbkReferences() Dim folderp As String Dim fname As String Dim sMsg As String Dim wb As Workbook Dim ws As Worksheet Dim cel As Range folderp = "C:\Documents\Excel\" fname = Dir(folderp & "*.xlsx") sMsg = "" Do While fname <> "" Set wb = Workbooks.Open(folderp & fname) 'Open workbook For Each ws In wb.Worksheets 'Check each worksheet ' Loop through all cells in the worksheet For Each cel In ws.UsedRange.Cells ' Check if the cell contains a formula referencing ' the specified file If InStr(cel.Formula, "WbkToDelete") > 0 Then 'Save location of reference sMsg = sMsg & "Workbook: " & "'" & wb.Name & "'" sMsg = sMsg & " contains reference to this workbook in " sMsg = sMsg & " worksheet: " & ws.Name & ", " sMsg = sMsg & " cell: " & cel.Address & vbCr End If Next cel Next ws wb.Save wb.Close fname = Dir() Loop If sMsg = "" Then sMsg = "No inbound references located" MsgBox sMsg End Sub
The macro checks every formula in every used cell of every worksheet of every workbook in a given folder. The folder to check is specified in the folderp variable, and you'll note that it also specifies workbooks of a certain type. (In this case, it is XLSX workbooks.)
This process can take some time to accomplish, depending on how many folders there are. Plus, it becomes quickly apparent that this isn't a very robust approach. The problem is that you may need to check workbooks in multiple folders, or there could be links from objects other than formulas or even from macros. Or, there could be inbound links from other programs in the Office suite, such as Word or PowerPoint.
Could you adjust your macro to check for every possible source of an inbound link? Conceivably you could, but it would quickly become a task almost as arduous as opening and checking each potential source manually.
You could, if you desire, try a semi-manual way to look for inbound links. Let's say that you want to check for links to MyBook.xlsx. Close Excel and then open a Windows Explorer window. In the Search box (upper-right corner), enter the workbook name (MyBook.xlsx) and let Windows do its searching. Since Windows searches within each file for your text, you should soon see a list of any files that contain "MyBook.xlsx".
Perhaps the best approach, however, is to simply rename the workbook you are thinking of deleting. This would break any inbound links because the target of the link is no longer existent—you've renamed it. You can then continue to use your system as normal over the next few weeks or few months. If you get no notifications of broken links, then you can safely delete the workbook. A variation on this is to move the workbook instead of renaming it. Simply move it to an external device, such as a flash drive, and then go about your work. If you discover down the road you still need it, then you can always move it back, as needs dictate.
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2023-07-02 10:30:08
J. Woolley
For more on this subject, see https://excelribbon.tips.net/T007799
2023-03-26 15:31:03
J. Woolley
My Excel Toolbox now includes the LinksToMe macro to identify all workbooks with an external data link referencing the active workbook.
See https://sites.google.com/view/MyExcelToolbox
2023-03-18 11:37:56
J. Woolley
The Tip's macro "checks every formula in every used cell of every worksheet of every workbook in a given folder." To make it more efficient, replace the following statements
    For Each cel In ws.UsedRange.Cells
        ...
    Next cel
with these statements
    On Error Resume Next
    For Each cel In ws.UsedRange.SpecialCells(xlCellTypeFormulas)
        ...
    Next cel
    On Error GoTo 0
But to find all workbooks that reference MyBook.xlsx, you don't need to look at formulas for each cell of every worksheet of every workbook. You can look for workbooks that have an external link to MyBook.xlsx instead. Here is a modified version of the Tip's macro that should run faster:
Sub FindWbkReferences()
    Const WorkbookToDelete = "MyBook.xlsx"
    Const FolderPath = "C:\Documents\Excel\"
    Dim fname As String, msg As String, wb As Workbook
    Dim oldAS As Variant, oldCM As Variant, V As Variant, item As Variant
    oldCM = Application.Calculation
    Application.Calculation = xlCalculationManual
    oldAS = Application.AutomationSecurity
    Application.AutomationSecurity = msoAutomationSecurityForceDisable
    Application.ScreenUpdating = False
    fname = Dir(FolderPath & "*.xls?")
    On Error Resume Next
    Do While fname <> ""
        Set wb = Workbooks.Open(FolderPath & fname, _
            UpdateLinks:=0, Password:="")
        If Err Then
            msg = msg & vbNewLine & "could not open " & fname
            Err.Clear
        Else
            V = wb.LinkSources(xlExcelLinks)
            If Not IsEmpty(V) Then
                For Each item In V
                    If InStr(item, WorkbookToDelete) > 0 Then
                        msg = msg & vbNewLine & wb.Name
                        Exit For
                    End If
                Next item
            End If
            wb.Close SaveChanges:=False
        End If
        fname = Dir()
    Loop
    On Error GoTo 0
    Application.ScreenUpdating = True
    Application.AutomationSecurity = oldAS
    Application.Calculation = oldCM
    If msg = "" Then
        msg = "no files referencing " & WorkbookToDelete
    Else
        msg = "files referencing " & WorkbookToDelete & msg
    End If
    MsgBox FolderPath & vbNewLine & msg
End Sub
Replace Const WorkbookToDelete and Const FolderPath with appropriate values. Notice this version checks *.xlsm and *.xlsb as well as *.xlsx workbooks.
In each workbook that references MyBook.xlsx as an external link, you can use My Excel Toolbox's ListExLinks dynamic array function as follows:
=ListExLinks([SkipReference],[SkipHeader])
The result is similar to the Data > Queries & Connections > Edit Links dialog minus its Update column, but ListExLinks optionally adds a Reference column to identify cells that contain a formula referencing the link.
When using pre-2021 versions of Excel without support for dynamic arrays, consider UseSpillArray.pdf.
See https://sites.google.com/view/MyExcelToolbox
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