Averaging Values for a Given Month and Year

George has a worksheet that includes dates (in column A) and values associated with those dates (in column B). The worksheet includes values for the last several years. He would like to calculate the average of all the values for a given month in a given year. For instance, George would like to calculate the average of all the values for February 2020.

There are several different ways to approach this problem. One way is to create a PivotTable based on your data. (PivotTables are great for aggregating and analyzing huge amounts of data.) You can easily set the value field to Average (instead of the default Sum) and group the Dates column by whatever you want.

If you'd rather not use a PivotTable, there are any number of formulas you can add to your worksheet. For instance, the following formula uses the SUMPRODUCT function to calculate the average:

=SUMPRODUCT((MONTH(A2:A1000)=5)*(YEAR(A2:A1000)=2020)*(B2:B1000)) /
(SUMPRODUCT((MONTH(A2:A1000)=5)*(YEAR(A2:A1000)=2020)*1))

The formula assumes your dates and values begin in row 2 (to allow for headings) and don't go past row 1000. If there are no dates in the data that are in the month of February 2020, then the formula returns a #DIV/0! error.

Another approach is to use an array formula, such as the following:

=AVERAGE(IF((MONTH(A2:A1000)=5)*(YEAR(A2:A1000)=2020),B2:B1000))

This approach is shorter than the SUMPRODUCT formula, but you've got to remember to hold down Ctrl+Shift+Enter as you enter the formula. You'll also get the division by zero error if there is no data for the desired month and year.

Still another approach is to use one of the database functions of Excel, DAVERAGE. All you need to do is set up a criteria table that defines what you are looking for. Assume, for example, that the headings on the columns are something original, like Date (cell A1) and Value (cell B1). You could set up a criteria table in another place, such as D1:E2. The table could look like this:

Date         Date
>1/31/20     <3/1/20

The criteria table says that you want DAVERAGE to use anything in which the Date column contains a date greater than 1/31/20 and a date less than 3/1/20. Here's the formula:

=DAVERAGE(A1:B1000,"Value",D1:E2)

The first parameter defines your database, the second parameter indicates that you want to average the information in the Value column (column B), and the third parameter tells DAVERAGE where your criteria table is located.

One quite easy way is to apply filtering of dates and use the SUBTOTAL function. Enter the following formula into a cell:

=SUBTOTAL(101,B2:B1000)

Select a cell in your data range and filter your data (display the Data tab of the ribbon and click the Filter tool). Click the filtering arrow at the top of column A and then choose Date Filters | Custom Filter from the drop-down list. Excel displays the Custom AutoFilter dialog box. (See Figure 1.)

Figure 1. The Custom AutoFilter dialog box.

Use the controls in the dialog box to specify that you want records greater than 1/31/20 and less than 3/1/20. When you click on OK, only those records within February 2020 are displayed, and the subtotal formula shows the average of those visible records.

Perhaps the simplest approach, however, is to use the AVERAGEIFS function. It allows you to calculate an average of some values depending on whether an associated value (the date, in this case) meets the criteria you specify. Here's how the formula looks:

=AVERAGEIFS(B2:B1000,A2:A1000,">31 Jan 2020",A2:A1000,"<01 Mar 2020")

Notice that this is not an array formula and you don't need to define a criteria table for your criteria—they are built directly into the formula.

ExcelTips is your source for cost-effective Microsoft Excel training. This tip (10671) applies to Microsoft Excel 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019, and Excel in Microsoft 365. You can find a version of this tip for the older menu interface of Excel here: Averaging Values for a Given Month and Year.