Converting HSL to RGB

Bassel needs a formula that can convert HSL color values (hue, saturation, and lightness values) to RGB color values (red, blue, and green values). He wonders if anyone can point him to either a worksheet formula that will do this or a way to do it in a macro.

Converting from HSL to RGB values is not a particularly trivial undertaking. For those interested in the math behind it, you can check out the Wikipedia article on the topic.

If you need to do the conversion infrequently, the easiest way is to follow these steps:

1. Display the Home tab of the ribbon.
2. Click the down-arrow at the right side of the Fill Color tool, in the Font group. Excel displays a small palette of colors and some other options.
3. Choose More Colors. Excel displays the Colors dialog box.
4. Make sure the Custom tab is displayed.
5. Using the Color Model drop-down list, choose HSL. (See Figure 1.)



Figure 1. The Custom tab of the Colors dialog box.

6. At the bottom of the dialog box you can see the individual values for Hue, Sat, and Lum. Change these values to whatever you want.
7. Using the Color Model drop-down list, chose RGB. The values shown at the bottom of the dialog box are the HSL values (entered in step 6) converted to RGB.
8. Click Cancel when done.

This approach assumes that each of your HSL values can be express in the range of 0 to 255. If, however, your HSL values are either an angle (for hue) or a percentage (for saturation and luminance), then you'll need to convert them manually before entering them in step 6. You can convert an angle value by multiplying the angle by 255 and then dividing by 360. Percentages can be converted by multiplying them by 2.55.

If you have a need to get the values more often, then creating your own user-defined function to do the conversion will help. The following example accepts three parameters (Hue, Saturation, and Luminance) and returns a string containing the decimal RGB values separated by commas.

Function HSLtoRGB(Hue As Integer, Saturation As Integer, _
  Luminance As Integer) As String
    Dim r As Integer
    Dim g As Integer
    Dim b As Integer
    Dim C As Double
    Dim X As Double
    Dim m As Double
    Dim rfrac As Double
    Dim gfrac As Double
    Dim bfrac As Double
    Dim hangle As Double
    Dim hfrac As Double
    Dim sfrac As Double
    Dim lfrac As Double

    If (Saturation = 0) Then
        r = 255
        g = 255
        b = 255
    Else
        lfrac = Luminance / 255
        hangle = Hue / 255 * 360
        sfrac = Saturation / 255
        C = (1 - Abs(2 * lfrac - 1)) * sfrac
        hfrac = hangle / 60
        hfrac = hfrac - Int(hfrac / 2) * 2 'fmod calc
        X = (1 - Abs(hfrac - 1)) * C
        m = lfrac - C / 2
        Select Case hangle
            Case Is < 60
                rfrac = C
                gfrac = X
                bfrac = 0
            Case Is < 120
                rfrac = X
                gfrac = C
                bfrac = 0
            Case Is < 180
                rfrac = 0
                gfrac = C
                bfrac = X
            Case Is < 240
                rfrac = 0
                gfrac = X
                bfrac = C
            Case Is < 300
                rfrac = X
                gfrac = 0
                bfrac = C
            Case Else
                rfrac = C
                gfrac = 0
                bfrac = X
        End Select
        r = Round((rfrac + m) * 255)
        g = Round((gfrac + m) * 255)
        b = Round((bfrac + m) * 255)
    End If
    HSLtoRGB = Str(r) & "," & Str(g) & "," & Str(b)
End Function

ExcelTips is your source for cost-effective Microsoft Excel training. This tip (13535) applies to Microsoft Excel 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019, and Excel in Microsoft 365.