Filtering to a Standard Deviation

Tom has a data set that shows the daily high and low temperatures for his town. He knows how to determine the mean for the data set. What he needs, though, is to filter the data set so that only those values that are within one standard deviation of the mean are visible.

First of all, let's say that Tom's dataset includes the temperatures for a ten-year period, from 2011 through 2020. That represents 3,653 days of temperatures. Further, let's assume that the high temperatures are in a range named DailyHighs and the low temperatures are in a range named DailyLows. To calculate the average (mean) for the high temperatures, this simple formula is used:

=AVERAGE(DailyHighs)

Excel provides three different functions for calculating standard deviations: STDEV, STDEV.S, and STDEV.P. In most cases you'll use STDEV and STDEV.S; they both return the exact same values. (STDEV.S and STDEV are used when working with a sample of an entire population of data points, whereas STDEV.P is used when working with an entire population. For Tom's purposes, STDEV or STDEV.S will work just fine.) Thus, to calculate one standard deviation below the mean and one above, you would use two formulas:

=AVERAGE(DailyHighs)-STDEV(DailyHighs)
=AVERAGE(DailyHighs)+STDEV(DailyHighs)

This provides the bounds for the filtering that Tom wishes to perform. For the sake of example, let's say that the low value is 49.477 and the high value is 90.576. It is just a simple process, at this point, to create a filter that uses these values:

1. Select a cell in the column that contains the daily high temperatures.
2. Display the Data tab of the ribbon.
3. Click the Filter tool. Excel places filtering drop-down arrows at the sides of the first-row headings in your data.
4. Click the down-arrow next to the header for the high-temperatures column. Excel displays a filtering dialog box.
5. In the Filter area, click on the Choose One drop-down list and choose Between. Excel expands the filtering area to allow specification of the two boundary values.
6. Next to Greater Than or Equal To, enter your lower boundary (49.477).
7. Next to Less Than or Equal To, enter your upper boundary (90.576).
8. Click in the Excel worksheet to dismiss the filtering dialog box.

The result is that your data is filtered to only display those rows that are between the two temperatures. If you prefer—and if you are using the version of Excel provided with Microsoft 365—you could also use the FILTER function to extract the records that fit your criteria:

=FILTER(A2:C3654,(DailyHighs>=49.477) * (DailyHighs<=90.576),"")

The extracted rows will not be formatted, nor will it contain the column headings in row 1, but you can easily make these adjustments in the extracted data.

ExcelTips is your source for cost-effective Microsoft Excel training. This tip (12735) applies to Microsoft Excel 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019, 2021, and Excel in Microsoft 365.